Another observation can be made on the basis of the questions of our users: the overlap between Adire and Adhere, for example, denounces the understandable difficulty of fully understanding a legal Latinism and therefore of knowing how to use it appropriately, which has now survived only in rarely crystallized formulas of legal practice, such as the exact contestation of inheritance (“to come into possession according to the way of inheritance law”), Go to court or take legal action. The two verbs are not only phonetic, but also “confused” because of their semantic proximity: to take legal action means in a way “to follow”, “to take the side of the legal ways”, that is to say basically “to adhere to them”. In the same way, we can also explain the second expression proposed by Elisa Freddi: in the imperfect construction of the legal action, it is possible to hypothesize a phonetic and semantic overlap with the known verb, among others, in the legal field in the expression act by legal means. – legal actions and legal actions are available approximately 80,000 times and 70 times in the archives of the “Repubblica” (47) and the “Corriere” (23); The verb adire, “appeal to” (appeal to the judge to “appeal to the judge”), is now mainly used in the expression to initiate a legal action, with the value of “to bring a legal action, to initiate a judicial procedure”. His first literary certification, according to the GDLI, dates back to giuseppe Marotta`s novel A Milano non fa freddo (1949): “I wrote to him and told him: If you do not compensate me, I will take legal action.” As might be expected, a Search on the Net by Google Books can be used to anticipate the first non-literary certification in the mid-nineteenth century in an administrative text. It is a decree on the general disciplines of public procurement, which is published in the “Bulletin officiale della Repubblica e Cantone del Ticino” (Vol. XXVI, 1850): “If the parties do not agree with each other and the dispute must be the subject of legal action, the disputed amounts remain deposited with the inspectorate until the matter is decided.” In the texts of the nineteenth century, the opening of a legal action coexists with other similar formulas such as the opening of a legal action, the opening of judicial proceedings, the settlement of the courts, the road of the courts, the road of rigor, the contested way. Some users want clarification of the expression in order to take legal action. In particular, they wonder whether it is fair to say that a lawsuit should be filed (Leandro Dipietro from Messina) and a lawsuit (Elisa Freddi di Guastalla).
Some doubts concern the verb: join or take legal action (Rita Spagnuolo de Reggio Emilia)? The uncertainties about the expression are documented on the net, where the non-exclusive existence of the expression to bring a legal action is well documented (238,000 occurrences): as far as the regency is concerned, from a first examination of the main vocabularies of contemporary Italian, there is only the reference to the transitive use of the verb; also modern textbooks (Salvalingua, 1998; Viva la grammatica, 2011; How do you say. 2011 Communication Label; Cherries or Cherries, 2012) as the only correct form to bring a lawsuit. Instead, the historical vocabulary GDLI reports with both transitive and intransitive construction, even though the latter has now been forgotten. As a testimony to the intransitive use of the nineteenth century, the GDLI cites the vocabulary of bad words and bad manners commonly used, especially in the Gallery of Uffizi of the Public Administration of Filippo Ugolini (1848): “I noticed, although it is also often used by civil servants, this verb adire in the sense of “offering a contract”: p.e. “Whoever wants to invoke this work, will have to do so, etc.” It is a construction that should not be used. A construction that should therefore not be used, even if Ugolini condemns it not for the intransitive use of the verb, but for having chosen a term that is too bureaucratic and therefore unclear to citizens, such as the verb adire, and proposes to replace it with simpler synonyms. The intransitive use of the verb is still fully attested in the nineteenth century and is also found in formulas such as going to court.